Gambler's Fallacy - believing erroneously that past events impact future probabilities.  

Steelman (steel man) - the opposite of "strawman" - is a stronger version of an argument. When one opponent makes an argument, the other opponent tries his or her best to summarize and fortify the argument so that the...

Causal Fallacy is a logical fallacy in which a person presents an incorrect cause. Stan: I think one of the reasons why my project is failing is that I started it in the summer. Everytime I start doing something serious in the summer I...

Tu Quoque Fallacy (Appeal to hypocrisy) is a type of Ad Hominem fallacy in which a person tries to discredit the opponent by claiming that the opponent doesn't act according to the argument's conclusion. Stan: Well, Mary, you were...

Circular Argument is a logical fallacy in which a person basically makes the same point in both sides of the argument. Stan: Dan's business is awesome and successful, because Dan is such a successful businessman. Mary: Not sure how this...

Hasty Generalization is a logical fallacy in which a person draws a conclusion without providing sufficient data to support it. Stan: My friend Dan was experiencing serious problems with a project similar to mine but he survived so I...

Sunk Costs Fallacy is a logical fallacy in which someone argues that something has to continue (project, business etc.) despite being fruitless and unpromising only because a lot of resources has already been used to maintain the...

Equivocation (ambiguity) is a logical fallacy in which someone uses a phrase or a word in multiple senses in an argument. Stan: Well, I have the right to work on my project, therefore it's right for me to continue doing what I'm doing....

Slippery Slope Fallacy is a logical fallacy in which somebody suggests an unlikely outcome in an argument without providing enough data. Adam: I know what happens to people who don't care about college degrees.. They start exploring...

False Dilemma is a logical fallacy in which somebody limits the number of options in an argument, e.g. presenting two options when there are in fact more than two options. Adam: Well, when a person finishes high school, they should do...

Appeal to Emotion (pity, affection) is a logical fallacy in which a person tries to win the argument by manipulating his or her opponent's emotions. Adam: The thing is, 99% of people do not agree with you and understand the importance of...

Appeal to Tradition (Argumentum ad Antiquitatem) is a logical fallacy in which a person claims that a statement is true because it is correlated with a certain tradition, past or present. Adam: The thing is, 99% of people do not agree...

Appeal to Authority (Ad Verecundiam) is a fallacy in which a person claims that a statement is true because a certain important (or not very important) person says so. Adam: The thing is, 99% of people do not agree with you and...

Appeal to Popularity (Bandwagon Fallacy) is a fallacy in which a person claims that a statement is true since a significant number of people believe it is true. Adam: The thing is, 99% of people do not agree with you and understand the...

Appeal to Ignorance (Argumentum ad Ignorantiam) is a logical fallacy in which a person claims that a statement is true if it can't be proven false, or a statement is false if it can't be proven true. Adam: Have you ever seen any studies...

Strawman is a logical fallacy in which a person attacks a position that his or her opponent doesn't really hold. It could be done deliberately when a person has nothing to offer against the real argument and wants to distort it to be...

Ad Hominem (Latin for "against the man") is a logical fallacy in which someone rejects his or her opponent's argument on the basis of that person's personal characteristics (appearance, age, birthplace and etc.) ET: I don't...

Dialogue #1 Ad Hominem (Latin for "against the man") is a fallacy in which someone rejects his or her opponent's argument on the basis of that person's personal characteristics (appearance, age, birthplace and etc.) ET: I...